Effects of temperature acclimation on body mass and energy budget in the Chinese bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis

Chinese bulbuls(Pycnonotus sinensis) are small passerine birds that inhabit areas of central, southern and eastern China. Previous observations suggest that free–living individuals of this species may change their food intake in response to seasonal changes in ambient temperature. In the present study, we randomly assigned Chinese bulbuls to either a 30 °C or 10 °C group, and measured their body mass(BM), body temperature, gross energy intake(GEI), digestible energy intake(DEI), and the length and mass of their digestive tracts over 28 days of acclimation at these temperatures. As predicted, birds in the 30 °C group had lower body mass, GEI and DEI relative to those in the 10 °C group. The length and mass of the digestive tract was also lower in the 30 °C group and trends in these parameters were positively correlated with BM, GEI and DEI. These results suggest that Chinese bulbuls reduced their absolute energy demands at relatively high temperatures by decreasing their body mass, GEI and DEI, and digestive tract size.     

Generation of GGTA1 biallelic knockout pigs via zinc-finger nucleases and somatic cell nuclear transfer

Genetically modified pigs are valuable models of human disease and donors of xenotransplanted organs.Conventional gene targeting in pig somatic cells is extremely inefficient.Zinc-finger nuclease(ZFN)technology has been shown to be a powerful tool for efficiently inducing mutations in the genome.However,ZFN-mediated targeting in pigs has rarely been achieved.Here,we used ZFNs to knock out the porcineα-1,3-galactosyl-transferase(GGTA1)gene,which generates Gal epitopes that trigger hyperacute immune rejection in pig-to-human transplantation.Primary pig fibroblasts were transfected with ZFNs targeting the coding region of GGTA1.Eighteen mono-allelic and four biallelic knockout cell clones were obtained after drug selection with efficiencies of 23.4%and 5.2%,respectively.The biallelic cells were used to produce cloned pigs via somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT).Three GGTA1 null piglets were born,and one knockout primary fibroblast cell line was established from a cloned fetus.Gal epitopes on GGTA1 null pig cells were completely eliminated from the cell membrane.Functionally,GGTA1 knockout cells were protected from complement-mediated immune attacks when incubated with human serum.This study demonstrated that ZFN is an efficient tool in creating gene-modified pigs.GGTA1 null pigs and GGTA1 null fetal fibroblasts would benefit research and pig-to-human transplantation.     

近交系BALB/c小鼠及先天遗传性白内障突变型BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠的DNA指纹研究

采用人工合成的寡核苷酸探针(GATA)~4|分别与近交系小鼠BALB/c和经10年 30代培育而成的自发突变型近交系先天遗传性白内障BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠进行DNA分杂交,DNA指纹显示:(1)BALB/c小鼠个体之间以及BALB/cBk-C at小鼠个体之间没有差异;(2)BALB/c小鼠与BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠的DNA指纹在23-6kb之间的区域有差异。     

提高PCR扩增大DNA片段的特异性和产量

IncreasingSpecifityandYieldofPCRAmplificatingLongDNAFragmentLuYifan;DengJixian;XiaoChengzhu;MaQingjun(InstituteofBiotechnology,AcademyofMilitaryMedicalScience,Beijing100071)聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术虽仅产生数年,却以惊人的速度广泛应用于分子生物学各个领域。它能快速、特异地扩增出任何所希望的目的基因或DNA片段,用于基因克隆、测序、突变体和重组体构建、基因表达调控的研究、基因多态性分析、遗传病和传染病诊断、肿瘤机制的探查、法医鉴定等诸多方面．目觎PCR扩增DNA片段长度可达到近50kb。这在生…     

海南省鼻咽癌三个高发家系报告

本文调查了鼻咽癌聚集的10个家系。在3个高发家族中,家系1两代11人中有4 人患鼻咽癌;家系2同代6人中有3人患鼻咽癌;家系3同胞5人中有3人患鼻咽癌。我们从肿瘤流行病学、病理类型及其血缘关系作了分析,认为鼻咽癌具有垂直和水平的家族发生 倾向,支持鼻咽癌有遗传倾向的看法。 Abstract:We studied the genealogy with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and found 25 patients (18 males,7 females)with NPC in 10 families,aged from 13 to 60.The bron of the same parents were 12 patients,accounting for 48% among these patients.Both male and female patients were found in five families;the patients in four families were all male;there were all female patients in the only one family;At the sametime,21 patients with NPC were the first kinsfolk in 8 families,accounting for 84%.Besides,we looked into 3 families with high incidence;there were 4 out of 11 family members suffering from NPC in the first genealogy in 2 generations;3 of 6 brons of the same parents were ill with NPC in the third genealogy.Based on the studies of cancer epidemiology,pathology and genealogy,our results suggested that the family incidence of NPC had vertical and horizontal thndency,and that genetic factors played a decisive role in NPC incidence.     

血清单胺氧化酶遗传特性的初步研究

本文研究了从黑曲霉中获得原生质体的各种条件（例如渗透压稳定剂、温度、菌龄、培养基的成分、 酶索统等）。结果表明，采用0.5lo蜗牛酶和1％ 纤维素酶的混合溶液酶解菌丝体，可获得大最的原生 质体。该原生质体用。．8mol/L N“ 作为渗透压稳定剂在再生培养基上再生率为50 %.     

细菌铁载体拮抗植物病原真菌及促生作用研究进展

铁载体是微生物在缺铁条件下分泌的小分子有机化合物,以获取铁元素维持其生长。细菌分泌的铁载体在拮抗植物病原菌和促进植物生长方面具有重要作用。本文总结了细菌铁载体拮抗植物病原真菌的营养和生态位竞争、诱导植物诱导性系统抗性、扰乱病原菌铁稳态的机制,以及促进植物生长的作用,以解释细菌分泌的铁载体在多功能微生物菌剂研制中的重要作用。     

昆虫中的mariner类转座子

转座子 (ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｓｏｎ) ,是一种不依靠同源重组而能在基因组内移动的遗传学元件（ＤＮＡ序列）。它通过在基因组内的插入和割离 ,引起靶位点处ＤＮＡ的缺失、重复或倒位重排 ,导致插入处基因突变或相邻基因表达活性的改变 ,是基因组不稳定性的主要内在因素之一 ,也是构成生物体生长、发育的遗传调控因子之一〔１〕。转座子最早是由ＢａｒｂａｒａＭｃｃｌｉｎｔｏｃｋ在玉米中发现的 ,之后相继在细菌、病毒、昆虫、酵母、线虫、啮齿类等哺乳动物及人类基因组中发现〔２〕。转座子的基本结构包括两端重复序列 ,中间是编码转座酶的可…     

墨西哥红豆杉愈伤组织的诱导和器官发生

1　植物名称　墨西哥红豆杉 (Ｔａｘｕｓｇｌｏ ｂｏｓａ)。2　材料类别　墨西哥州Ｐａｃｈｕｃａ县Ｈｉｄａｌｇｏ山森林中自然生长的墨西哥红豆杉成年树当年生成熟枝 ( 9月份取样 )。3　培养条件　愈伤组织诱导培养基是ＳＨ ,Ｂ5 和ＮＮ6 9基本培养基添加ＮＡＡ 2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ     

Relative importance of water, energy, and heterogeneity in determining regional pteridophyte and seed plant richness in China

Environmental variables, such as ambient energy, water availability, and environmental heterogeneity have been frequently proposed to account for species diversity gradients. How taxon-specific functional traits define large-scale richness gradients is a fundamental issue in understanding spatial patterns of species diversity, but has not been well documented. Using a large dataset on the regional flora from China, we examine the contrast spatial patterns and environmental determinants between pteridophytes and seed plants which differ in dispersal capacity and environmental requirements. Pteridophyte richness shows more pronounced spatial variation and stronger environmental associations than seed plant richness. Water availability generally accounts for more spatial variance in species richness of pteridophytes and seed plants than energy and heterogeneity do, especially for pteridophytes which have high dependence on moist and shady environments. Thus, pteridophyte richness is disproportionally affected by water-related variables; this in turn results in a higher proportion of pteridophytes in regional vascular plant floras (pteridophyte proportion) in wet regions. Most of the variance in seed plant richness, pteridophyte richness, and pteridophyte proportion explained by energy is included in variation that water and heterogeneity account for, indicating the redundancy of energy in the study extent. However, heterogeneity is more important for determining seed plant distributions. Pteridophyte and seed plant richness is strongly correlated, even after the environmental effects have been removed, implying functional linkages between them. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating biological traits of different taxonomic groups into the studies of macroecology and global change biology.